MRS and Diffusion MRI in a Maternal Obesity Model of Developmental Programming in Baboon Offspring
J Vasquez1*, H Huber2, L Cox3, P Nathanielsz4, Geoffrey Clarke1, (1) University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, (2) Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, (3) Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, (4) University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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Purpose: To investigate diffusion weighed imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy markers of metabolic disease in the offspring of maternally obese baboons.
Methods: This prospective study consisted of 11 offspring of maternally obese baboon mothers (MO; 4.8±0.6 yrs) and 11 control offspring (CTL; 4.8±1.7 yrs). Subjects underwent an abdominal, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) protocol using b=0,50,100,150,500,800 s·mm⁻². DWI was followed by single-voxel hydrogen-1 MR spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) of the liver and vastus lateralis (VL). All MRI scans were performed while subjects were mechanically ventilated and under sedation. For the DWI data, ROIs were placed in the liver parenchyma, renal cortex, and renal medulla. The diffusion coefficient, (d), fast diffusion fraction (f), and fast diffusion coefficient (p), were estimated using the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model of microscopic water motion. The b0 and b50 images were used to estimate liver vessel density ratio (LVDR). ¹H-MRS was used to estimate hepatic lipid, choline, and glycogen concentrations. In VL, concentrations of trimethyl ammonium compounds (TMA) were also estimated. IVIM values of the two group were compared and correlations were calculated. Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation, and Spearman correlation were applied with α=0.05.
Results: Significant differences between the MO and CTL in renal cortex of f (29±25 vs 20±4%,p<0.01) and d (1.4±0.7 vs 1.9±0.1 *10⁻³ mm²·s⁻¹,p=0.02) were found. There was a significant correlation between p in the renal medulla and concentration of TMA in VL (ρ=-0.79,p=0.048). LVDR was correlated with liver choline (r=-0.53,p=0.04) and d was correlated with the concentration of liver glycogen (r=0.53,p=0.03). Liver choline concentration also was correlated with age in the CTL group (r=0.83,p=0.005) but not the MO group (r=-0.08,p=0.8).
Conclusion: We found that hepatic and skeletal muscle metabolism may be altered in the context of MO. Differences in hepatic choline metabolism and water mobility in the kidney cortex were found.
Funding Support, Disclosures, and Conflict of Interest: NIH grant #U19AG057758
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